Lezghian etymology : Query result

Proto-Lezghian: *č:am

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bride-groom 2 brother-in-law 3 brothers' wives

Lezghian: č:am 1

Tabasaran: ǯam 1

Agul: žam / ǯam 1

Rutul: q̇Iu-ǯäm 2

Tsakhur: q̇Ia-ǯam-ar 3

Comment: The Rut. and Tsakh. forms reflect a compound with *q̇Iʷä- 'two'. Obl. base unclear (the only vocalic obl. base is Ag. Fit. žamu-).

Proto-Lezghian: *č:ar(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 (milk) skin 2 sour cream 3 cream 4 mould

Lezghian: č:ar 1,3

Agul: žar 1

Rutul: ǯar 2

Kryz: ǯer 3,4

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Burk. ǯar 'film, membrane (in meat)', Bursh. ǯar 'flat bread'. There is not enough information to reconstruct the PL obl. stem (only Rut. ǯará-). 3d class in Rut., 4th class in Kryz.

A Lezg. loanword (probably, from Ag.) is Darg. Chir. žer 'bark, skin'.

Proto-Lezghian: *č:at:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bellows 2 smithy

Lezghian: č:ad 2

Tabasaran: ǯadan 2

Agul: ǯad 2 (Fit.)

Rutul: ǯad 1 (Khnov.)

Comment: Obl. base *č:at:ɨ- (cf. Lezg. č:at:u-); the Tab. form contains a productive suffix -an. Cf. also Ag. Burk. (with metathesis) daǯ 'bellows', Bursh. plur. tant. ǯanar ( < *ǯadn-ar = Tab. ǯadan-ar) id.

Proto-Lezghian: *č:i[ḳ]V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Tabasaran: žiq:i

Agul: žaq:e-f

Rutul: ǯɨk-dɨ

Tsakhur: ?ǯiṭa-na

Comment: There are difficulties with the second consonant: the Tsakh. form may be explained as a contraction of *č:iK-t:V- (with an old adjective suffix); but the uvular in Tab. and Ag. is unclear.

See Хайдаков 1973, 107.

Proto-Lezghian: *č:il

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 earth 2 floor

Lezghian: č:il

Tabasaran: žil

Agul: žil

Rutul: ǯil

Tsakhur: ǯil

Comment: PL *č:il, obl. base *č:ilɨ- (cf. Lezg. č:ili, Tab. ǯili-, Ag. žili-, Rut. ǯili-, Tsakh. ǯile-).

See Талибов 1960а, 299.

Proto-Lezghian: *č:inerk:ʷ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hawk 2 owl

Lezghian: č:inerug 1

Tabasaran: ǯünerg 1

Agul: ǯinirgʷaj 2

Rutul: ǯinug 1

Comment: In Ag. the word is witnessed only in the Fite dialect. Rut. has variants ǯiniḳʷ / ǯinuḳ / ǯinug (cf. also Ikhr., Khniukh. ǯunug); glottalisation is obviously secondary, although its source is not clear. 3d class in Rut.

See Хайдаков 1973, 17.

Proto-Lezghian: *č:uk:ala /*k:uč:ala

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1: bark 2: bast 3: sour cream 4: noodles

Lezghian: čk:al 1

Agul: gužal 1

Rutul: ǯugal 1

Tsakhur: gɨžɨwa 3

Kryz: ǯigäl 2

Budukh: ǯigǝl 4

Comment: Cf. also Ag. (Shaum.) žigal 'bark'. 3d class in Rut., Tsakh.; 4th class in Kryz., Bud.

See Талибов 1980,299.

Proto-Lezghian: *č:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: not (negative particle)

Lezghian: -č

Rutul: ǯ-

Archi: -ču-gu

Comment: This particle forms the negative past in Lezg., general negative in Rut. and dubitative (in conjunction with another particle -gu) in Arch.

See Aлексеев 1985, 101.

Proto-Lezghian: *č:ʷäl

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sheaf 2 fringe, tassel

Lezghian: c:ül / k:ül 1

Agul: žʷal (dial.) 1

Rutul: ǯʷäl 1

Tsakhur: ǯoĺ 1

Archi: čʷal 2

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Nüt. k:ül, Khl. č:ül, Tsakh. Gelm. ǯʷel 'sheaf'. The Ag. form is cited from Magom., and the dialect is uncertain. 3d class in Rut. and Tsakh., but 4th class in Archi. To judge from Tsakh. Gelm. ǯʷeli-, the oblique base can be reconstructed as *č:ʷälɨ-.

Proto-Lezghian: *č:ʷVm-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mouth

Udi: žoImoχ

Comment: The Ud. form (where -oχ is obviously an original plural suffix) is isolated within Lezghian (thus not allowing for a proper vowel reconstruction), but with good external parallels.

Proto-Lezghian: *čoχar- / *č:oʁar-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to fade, wither

Lezghian: el-čüχ-

Tabasaran: ču=χ-

Agul: ṭuχa- (Tp.)

Rutul: ǯɨ=ʁIa-

Tsakhur: sa-č̣ɨ=χIar-

Archi: tuχ-

Comment: An expressive root with irregular transformations of the initial consonant (due to its reinterpretation as an expressive preverb). There are some other irregular reflexes: Tab. Khiv. k-cu=χ- 'to curdle, coagulate', Kand., lit. č̣u=χ- (used along with ču=χ-).

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